Most such vehicles now rely on nickel-metal-hydride batteries. But Johnson Controls said lithium-ion batteries have the capability of offering major advantages in power-generation, size, weight, cycle life and cost.

"When gas got over $2.50 (per gallon), people start to get nervous. At over $3, people get more than nervous — they get scared."

The lab, which the firm said cost about $4 million to install, will conduct tests on various designs of batteries made from lithium ion, including both cylindrical coils and other shapes, said Glenn Trischan, manager of materials and analytical support.